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Internal medicine practitioners, also known as general internal medicine specialists or general medicine physicians in Commonwealth countries, practitioners are trained to manage particularly complex or multisystem disease conditions that single-organ-disease practitioners may not be trained to deal with. They may be asked to tackle undifferentiated presentations that cannot be easily fitted within the expertise of a single-organ specialty, such as dyspnea, fatigue, weight loss, chest pain, confusion, or change in a conscious state. They may manage serious acute illnesses that affect multiple organ systems at the same time in a single patient, and they may manage multiple chronic diseases or "comorbidities" that a single patient may have.

General internal medicine Practitioners do not provide necessarily less expertise than single-organ specialists; rather, they are trained for a specific role of caring for patients with multiple simultaneous problems or complex comorbidities.

Perhaps because it is complex to explain the treatment of diseases that are not localized to a single organ, there has been confusion about the meaning of internal medicine and the role of an "internist". Internists are qualified physicians with postgraduate training in internal medicine and should not be confused with "interns", who are doctors in their first year of residency training (officially the term intern is no longer in use). Although internists may act as primary care physicians, they are not "family physicians", whose training is not solely concentrated on adults and may include surgery, obstetrics, and pediatrics. The American College of Physicians defines internists as "physicians who specialize in the prevention, detection, and treatment of illnesses in adults.