Infectious diseases pose a significant risk to immunocompromised hosts due to the impaired function of their immune systems. Patients with conditions such as leukemia, solid organ transplants, or autoimmune diseases are at heightened risk for infections that healthy individuals might easily resist. Infectious diseases in immunocompromised hosts often present atypically and can rapidly progress, leading to complications that are difficult to manage. These patients are susceptible to a wide range of infections, including those caused by opportunistic pathogens that typically do not affect individuals with intact immune systems. Preventing infections in these patients involves stringent infection control protocols, prophylactic treatments, and personalized care to address their specific vulnerabilities.