The link between infectious diseases and neurology is increasingly recognized as a critical area of research and clinical focus. Infections such as HIV, herpesvirus, and tuberculosis can lead to neurological disorders, ranging from mild cognitive impairments to severe neurodegenerative diseases. The impact of these infectious diseases on the central nervous system requires multidisciplinary care, involving both neurologists and infectious disease specialists. In studying infectious diseases and neurology, researchers are exploring new therapeutic strategies, including antiviral treatments and immunomodulatory therapies, to mitigate the neurological effects of infections. By combining advancements in neurology and infectious disease management, the medical community is better equipped to address these complex and often devastating conditions.