Viral Hepatitis

Viral hepatitis, characterized by inflammation of the liver, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with hepatitis B and C viruses accounting for the majority of cases. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are bloodborne pathogens transmitted through percutaneous or mucosal exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. While acute hepatitis infections may resolve spontaneously, chronic hepatitis B and C infections can lead to long-term liver damage, including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The burden of viral hepatitis varies geographically, with certain regions experiencing higher prevalence rates due to factors such as inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to diagnostics and treatment, and high rates of injection drug use. To address the global impact of viral hepatitis, comprehensive strategies are needed, including increased access to vaccination, improved blood safety measures, enhanced screening and diagnosis, and expanded access to affordable antiviral therapies. Additionally, raising awareness about viral hepatitis prevention and treatment, reducing stigma, and promoting harm reduction initiatives are crucial components of efforts to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat.

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