Tetanus

Tetanus, caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, is a potentially severe and life-threatening condition characterized by muscle stiffness and spasms. The bacterium produces a potent neurotoxin known as tetanospasmin, which interferes with neurotransmission, leading to uncontrolled muscle contractions. Tetanus spores are commonly found in soil and can enter the body through wounds, cuts, or abrasions. The clinical features of tetanus include trismus (lockjaw), muscle stiffness, difficulty swallowing, and rigidity of neck muscles. As the disease progresses, generalized muscle spasms can occur, potentially leading to respiratory failure. Tetanus is a medical emergency that requires prompt intervention. Prevention of tetanus primarily involves vaccination with the tetanus toxoid. The vaccine is often administered as part of the combination vaccine DTaP/DT/Td, protecting against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Booster doses are recommended every 10 years or after certain injuries to maintain immunity. Proper wound care, including cleaning and disinfection, is also crucial in preventing tetanus, especially in individuals with incomplete or unknown vaccination histories.

Related Sessions