Schistosomiasis is a debilitating parasitic disease caused by trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma, affecting millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries. The disease is endemic in regions with poor sanitation and freshwater bodies contaminated with the intermediate hosts of the parasite. Schistosomiasis transmission occurs when humans come into contact with infested water, allowing the larvae to penetrate the skin and invade the bloodstream. Once inside the body, the parasites mature into adult worms, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage in the intestines, liver, bladder, or other organs. The clinical manifestations of schistosomiasis vary depending on the species of Schistosoma involved and the duration of infection, ranging from mild symptoms such as fever and abdominal pain to more severe complications like liver fibrosis and urinary tract obstruction. Efforts to control schistosomiasis focus on preventive measures such as sanitation improvements, access to clean water sources, and regular treatment with anthelminthic drugs. Additionally, ongoing research aims to develop new diagnostic tools, vaccines, and interventions to combat this neglected tropical disease and alleviate the burden of schistosomiasis on affected populations.