Papillomavirus Infections

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections are among the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with over 200 identified types. Certain high-risk types, notably HPV 16 and HPV 18, are strongly associated with the development of cervical cancer. HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, and persistent infection with high-risk types can lead to the gradual progression of cervical cells to precancerous lesions and eventually invasive cervical cancer. Clinical manifestations of HPV infections vary widely. In many cases, HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. However, persistent infections can cause Genital Warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, and an increased risk of various cancers, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Prevention strategies for HPV infections include vaccination, with HPV vaccines targeting high-risk types linked to cancer development. Routine vaccination for adolescents and young adults, along with catch-up vaccination for older individuals, is recommended. Regular cervical cancer screening, including Pap smears and HPV testing, plays a crucial role in early detection and intervention.

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