Measles

Measles, caused by the measles virus (MeV), is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and has a characteristic red rash as a hallmark symptom. The clinical features of measles typically include high fever, cough, coryza (runny nose), and conjunctivitis (red eyes). The classic maculopapular rash appears a few days after the onset of symptoms, spreading from the face to the rest of the body. Measles has a global distribution, but its prevalence varies, with outbreaks occurring in areas with low vaccination coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes measles vaccination as a fundamental public health intervention, and the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection. Complications of measles can be severe and include pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and otitis media. Immunocompromised individuals and malnourished children are at a higher risk of developing complications. Measles-associated mortality is a significant concern, especially in resource-limited settings. Public health efforts focus on achieving high vaccine coverage through routine immunization programs and responding swiftly to outbreaks. Measles elimination initiatives aim to interrupt the transmission of the virus in specific regions, ultimately working towards global eradication.

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