Hookworms are parasitic nematodes that infect the small intestine of humans and other animals. The most common species causing infections in humans are Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus. Hookworm infections are prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The lifecycle of hookworms involves the passage of eggs in the feces of infected individuals. Larvae hatch from the eggs in the soil, undergo several stages of development, and become infectious filariform larvae. Infection occurs when these larvae penetrate the skin, usually through bare feet, leading to the migration of larvae through the bloodstream to the lungs. From the lungs, larvae ascend the respiratory tract, are swallowed, and reach the small intestine, where they mature into adult worms. Clinical manifestations of hookworm infections include anemia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. The adult worms attach to the intestinal wall, feeding on blood and causing local inflammation. Anemia results from chronic blood loss and iron deficiency. In severe cases, especially in children, hookworm infections can lead to growth stunting and cognitive impairments. Preventive measures include improved sanitation, access to clean water, and wearing protective footwear in endemic areas. Mass drug administration with anthelmintic medications, such as albendazole or mebendazole, is a key strategy for controlling and treating hookworm infections. Public health initiatives focus on education, deworming campaigns, and addressing socioeconomic factors contributing to hookworm transmission.