Genital warts, also known as condylomata acuminata, are a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) characterized by the growth of small, flesh-colored or grayish warts on or around the genital and anal areas. The primary cause of genital warts is infection with certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), with HPV types 6 and 11 being most commonly associated with the development of these warts. HPV is a widespread virus, and while many infections resolve on their own, persistent infection with high-risk HPV types can lead to various cancers, including cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. Genital warts are highly contagious and are primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Risk factors for developing genital warts include having multiple sexual partners, engaging in unprotected sex, and having a weakened immune system. While the warts themselves are usually painless, they can cause itching, discomfort, and may be associated with psychological distress. Prevention of genital warts involves vaccination against HPV, with vaccines such as Gardasil and Cervarix providing protection against the most common HPV types associated with genital warts and certain cancers. Additionally, consistent and correct use of barrier methods, such as condoms, can reduce the risk of HPV transmission.