Clostridioides difficile is a bacterium commonly found in the environment and the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals. While it usually exists as a harmless member of the gut microbiota, certain strains of C. difficile can cause severe gastrointestinal infections, known as C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) or C. difficile infection (CDI). These infections typically occur following antibiotic therapy, which disrupts the normal balance of gut bacteria, allowing C. difficile to flourish and produce toxins that damage the intestinal lining. CDI can range in severity from mild diarrhea to life-threatening complications such as pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. Management of CDI involves discontinuing the inciting antibiotic, administering specific antibiotics targeting C. difficile, and implementing infection control measures to prevent transmission. Recurrent CDI poses a particular challenge, often requiring more aggressive treatment approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to restore gut microbial diversity and suppress C. difficile overgrowth.