Bolivian hemorrhagic fever (BHF) is a viral illness caused by the Machupo virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family. The disease is primarily found in certain regions of Bolivia, particularly the Beni Department, where the virus is transmitted to humans through contact with infected rodents, particularly the Calomys callosus species. The primary reservoirs for Machupo virus are these rodents, and human transmission occurs via inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from rodent excreta or through direct contact with rodent secretions. BHF typically manifests with symptoms such as fever, headache, muscle pain, and gastrointestinal disturbances, progressing to more severe complications including hemorrhagic manifestations and neurological symptoms. Diagnosis of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever involves laboratory tests, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and serological tests to detect specific antibodies. The management of BHF is supportive, focusing on alleviating symptoms and maintaining fluid balance. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment for BHF, highlighting the importance of preventive measures, including rodent control and strict hygiene practices in endemic areas. Efforts to raise awareness and educate communities about the risks of BHF and appropriate preventive measures play a critical role in controlling the spread of the disease.