Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a crucial component of the innate immune system, serving as natural defense mechanisms against various pathogens. These small, cationic peptides exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, targeting bacteria, viruses, fungi, and even cancer cells. AMPs play a pivotal role in the first line of defense, contributing to the body's ability to combat infections. One notable characteristic of AMPs is their diverse structure, allowing them to interact with microbial membranes through electrostatic attraction. By disrupting the lipid bilayer, AMPs induce membrane permeabilization, leading to cell death. Moreover, some AMPs possess immunomodulatory functions, influencing the host's immune response. The potential clinical applications of AMPs are vast, with ongoing research exploring their use as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Their ability to combat drug-resistant pathogens and their low propensity for resistance development make AMPs promising candidates in the quest for novel antimicrobial therapies.