Antimicrobial drugs play a pivotal role in modern medicine, combating a wide array of microbial infections. These medications are designed to inhibit the growth or destroy microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Antibiotics, a subset of antimicrobials, specifically target bacteria. They function by disrupting essential processes in bacterial cells, impeding their ability to multiply and causing eventual death. The development of antimicrobials has significantly contributed to the treatment of various infectious diseases, revolutionizing healthcare. However, the misuse and overuse of these drugs have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, posing a serious global health threat. Researchers continually strive to discover new antimicrobial compounds and alternative therapies to combat drug resistance. Antimicrobials are categorized based on their target microorganisms, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic drugs. Each class of antimicrobial has a unique mechanism of action, allowing for targeted treatment of specific infections. Despite their efficacy, prudent use and adherence to prescribed regimens are crucial to prevent resistance and ensure the sustained effectiveness of these vital medications.