Antimicrobials, a crucial category within anti-infective agents, play a pivotal role in combating infectious diseases. These substances target microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Antibiotics, a well-known subset of antimicrobials, specifically target bacteria by inhibiting their growth or destroying them. The development of antimicrobial agents has been instrumental in revolutionizing medicine and significantly reducing mortality rates associated with infectious diseases. However, the overuse and misuse of antimicrobials have led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, posing a severe global health threat. Research continues to explore new classes of antimicrobial agents to counteract resistant strains. Antiviral medications, antifungal agents, and antiparasitic drugs are other key components of the antimicrobial arsenal, contributing to the comprehensive management of infectious diseases.