Abacavir is an integral component in the arsenal of antiretroviral drugs employed for the management of HIV infections. Classified as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), abacavir impedes the replication of the HIV virus by interfering with the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Typically included in combination therapy, or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), abacavir collaborates with other drugs to suppress viral replication, reduce HIV-associated complications, and prolong the progression to AIDS. Despite its efficacy, abacavir is not without considerations. The medication is associated with a unique risk of hypersensitivity reactions, which can manifest as severe and life-threatening symptoms. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to conduct genetic testing for the HLA-B*5701 allele before initiating abacavir therapy, as individuals carrying this genetic marker are at a higher risk of developing hypersensitivity reactions. Prompt identification and discontinuation of abacavir in suspected cases are vital. Abacavir is available in oral formulations, facilitating adherence to prescribed regimens. Regular monitoring of viral load and CD4 cell counts guides treatment progress, allowing healthcare professionals to adjust therapy as needed. As part of a comprehensive approach to managing HIV/AIDS, abacavir contributes to the maintenance of immune function and an improved quality of life for those living with this chronic condition. Ongoing research aims to refine treatment strategies and develop innovative therapies to further enhance the outcomes for individuals affected by HIV.