10th Edition of
October 05-07, 2026 | Tokyo, Japan
The molecular and cellular communication between the host and pathogen is critical to survival of both organisms after Group A Streptcoccus pyogenes (GAS) infection. After attachment and invasion of the pathogen, the human host employs its innate immune system to ward off t [....] » Read More
The changing state of protective immunity to COVID-19 in the global population during the time since COVID-19’s origin in 2019 is analysed in the context of the (i) circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the population, (ii) widespread use of different types of COVID-19 vaccines [....] » Read More
The CDC classifies C. auris as an urgent antimicrobial resistance threat, the highest level of concern due to its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs and the ease of transmission in healthcare settings. The WHO places it in the critical priority group of fungal pathogens. C. [....] » Read More
The interferon (IFN) system is a critical first-line defense against viral infection, orchestrating antiviral programs while shaping early inflammatory responses. Although inflammation is essential for pathogen control, dysregulated cytokine production is a major driver of morbid [....] » Read More
The nasal cavity has an important physiological role in warming and humidifying inspired air before the it enters the nasopharynx and trachea. This process has been termed nasal air conditioning. Nasal structures vary geographically, and have been correlated with the varying need [....] » Read More
Youth involved in the juvenile justice system remain a significantly underserved population at markedly elevated risk for multiple problems, including traumatizing experiences, substance misuse, mental health, and sexually transmitted diseases. A “tr [....] » Read More
Background: Cancer patients are at heightened risk of infections due to immunosuppression from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and the underlying malignancy itself. These infections contribute significantly to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Und [....] » Read More
The article provides a comprehensive review of the epizootic and epidemiological situation regarding highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in Russia from 2003 to 2024. It examines the ecological characteristics of the pathogen, transmission routes and factors, and the signific [....] » Read More
Background: Tuberculosis is a major global health crisis, with conflicts and displacement dramatically increasing its risk and spread. Conflicts disrupt healthcare, leading to overcrowded, unsanitary conditions, accelerating tuberculosis spread, particularly among displaced popul [....] » Read More
Fever is one of the least knowledgeable topics in modern science. Looking at medical journals and medical books, modern science does not even know the basic facts about fever. Modern science does not know what the purpose of fever is, what fever is, what to do to get a feve [....] » Read More
No medical textbook tells us what the purpose of fever is. Without knowing this, no one in the world can define, test, or treat fever. The current definition, testing, and treatment of fever, which is constructed without knowing what the purpose of fever is, has no scientific bas [....] » Read More
Dengue fever has been a prominent public health issue in India because it propagates quickly, it is seasonal, and it recurs, which shows its powerful characteristic as a vector-borne disease. This paper is a detailed statistical data analysis of dengue incidence and mortality i [....] » Read More
Introduction: Malaria test positivity rate (TPR) is a key surveillance indicator recommended by the World Health Organization to monitor transmission intensity. Subnational analyses using routine primary health care (PHC) laboratory data are limited in North-East Nigeria. This st [....] » Read More
Background: HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) can significantly impact hematological, hepatic and renal functions, although the effects are complex and influenced by factors including type of drugs, duration of therapy and patients’ underlying conditions. However, the in [....] » Read More
Background: Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacillus known for its ability to survive in aqueous environments, disinfectants, and medical solutions. It is an opportunistic pathogen that poses significant risk to immunocompromised pat [....] » Read More
Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), characterized by the rapid onset of asymmetric paralysis, can be caused by a variety of viral infections or coinfections. The clinical manifestations range from conjunctivitis, respiratory tract infection, myocarditis, meningitis, e [....] » Read More
Background: Single-point biomarkers may not adequately reflect disease progression in sepsis. Serial monitoring of biomarkers may improve early risk stratification. Proenkephalin (PENK), a novel biomarker associated with renal dysfunction and organ failure, may provide prognostic [....] » Read More
Background: The Republic of Kazakhstan is intensifying efforts to achieve the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets as part of its national strategy to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030. According to national data, the HIV care continuum cascade among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 202 [....] » Read More
Background: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, typically presents with acute fever and a pathognomonic black eschar. However, emerging atypical clinical profiles pose diagnostic dilemmas. This study outlines an unusual clinical spectrum of scrub typhus character [....] » Read More
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in modern healthcare, particularly in improving diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making. One of the major challenges in infectious disease management is the differentiation between viral and bacterial infections [....] » Read More
Title : Phenotypic characterisation of non tuberculous mycobacterium species isolated from clinical specimens
Anant Marathe, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, India
Background: Non tuberculous bacteria (NTM) are increasingly recognised cause of pulmonary as well as extrapulmonary infection worldwide. This rising prevalence of NTM, particularly rapidly growing mycobacteria along with their inherent and acquired drug resistance, and species-sp [....] » Read More
Title : An unprecedented West Nile virus outbreak in Israel (2024): A textbook case for the One Health approach
Michel Bellaiche, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel
Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a well-established flavivirus endemic to Israel, maintained in an enzootic cycle between Culex spp. mosquitoes and avian reservoirs, with humans and equines serving as incidental "dead-end" hosts. While approximately 80% of human inf [....] » Read More
Title : The Bariloche model: Municipal governance for urban animal health and zoonotic disease prevention
Pablo Daniel Roque, Municipality of San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
Urban companion animals play a significant role in the epidemiology of several infectious and zoonotic diseases. In many cities, unequal access to veterinary services and insufficient population control strategies may contribute to the persistence of zoonotic risks. Strengthening [....] » Read More
Title : Progress in diagnosis and treatment in elderly patients with tuberculosis obstructive pulmonary disease
Wenli Cao, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, China
The obstructive pulmonary disease tuberculosis B (tuberculosis obstructive pulmonary called TOPD disease) in elderly patients with tuberculosis is a common and early prevention and treatment, the latter to irreversible persistent airflow limitation and accompanied by chronic airw [....] » Read More
Title : Synergistic nebulized therapy for severe viral pneumonia: A biomimetic nano-platform integrating MSC-derived exosomes and interferon-α2b
Liu Yan, Ruijin Hospital, China
Background: Severe viral pneumonias, particularly those caused by influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and emerging coronaviruses, continue to pose formidable challenges to global public health. While Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) remains a cornerstone of a [....] » Read More
Title : Nebulized mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes encapsulating interferon-α2b: A synergistic strategy for targeted treatment of severe viral pneumonia
Liu Yan, Ruijin Hospital, China
Background: Severe viral pneumonias (e.g.,influenza, RSV) lack effective localized treatments.While Interferon-α (IFN-α) is a potent antiviral, its clinical utility via inhalation is limited by rapid degradation, poor lung retention, and systemic toxicity. We dev [....] » Read More
Title : Role of health workers in the management of mass drug administration in lymphatic filariasis elimination program of Nepal: A mixed method study
Achut Babu Ojha, Om Sterling Global University, India
Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF), commonly known as elephantiasis, is a debilitating mosquito-borne disease caused by filarial parasites. The Global program to Eliminate to Lymphatic Filariasis was launched by WHO in 2000 with the aim of eliminating lymphatic filariasis as a [....] » Read More
Title : Role of serial blood cultures 24 hours in the evaluation of suspected neonatal sepsis
Sushil Kumar Choudhary, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur, India
Background: Neonatal sepsis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Timely and accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis continues to be a major clinical challenge. The study aims to determine whether sequential cultures improve pat [....] » Read More
Title : Determining the prevalence of primary and secondary Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) at the tertiary care hospital
Refat Sadeq, Portsaid University, Egypt
As a serious side effect of infections (such as meningitis or pneumonia), during surgery (particularly when mucous membranes are involved, like in the gastrointestinal tract), or when catheters and other foreign objects get into the arteries or veins (including during intravenous [....] » Read More
Title : Detection of the rpoB gene of Rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis at the Angré University Hospital in 2024, Ivory coast
Som Dipielte Estelle Mireille, Angré University Hospital, Cote d'Ivoire
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) represents a global public health challenge. The challenge in managing tuberculosis lies in the rapid diagnosis of these resistances. The objective of this study was to determine the prop [....] » Read More
Title : Exploring the health-seeking journeys of individuals affected by leprosy: Lived experiences in selected urban rehabilitation centers in Ethiopia
Temesgen Kabeta Chala, Jimma University, Ethiopia
Background: Despite widely available and effective treatment, leprosy remains a major public health issue in Ethiopia. The disease is often misconstrued as a hereditary disease in origin, a curse, or a form of divine punishment for immoral behavior. In this study, we aim to explo [....] » Read More
Title : Measles resurgence in the United States: Epidemiological patterns and the impact of digital misinformation
Malik Olatunde Oduoye, The Medical Research Circle (MedReC), Nigeria
Background: Measles elimination in the United States in 2000 was achieved through widespread vaccination and the adoption of the two-dose schedule. However, outbreaks since 2014 reveal how biomedical gains can be reversed when social and digital dynamics undermine vaccine up [....] » Read More
Title : Carbapenem resistance and carbapenemases in bloodstream Enterobacterales, Busan, South Korea, 2018–2024
Sohyun Park, Busan Metropolitan City Institute of Health and Environment, Korea, Republic of
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) have emerged as a major global public health threat due to limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates, particularly in bloodstream infections. Regional epidemiological data are essential for understanding the dissemination of [....] » Read More
Title : Atomic watchtower: a multi-modal machine learning framework for swift antimicrobial resistance prediction using whole genome sequencing and SMILES-based molecular mapping
Shiva Kashyap Yellavajhala, Amity University, India
The 21st century’s most urgent global health challenge is Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as it is predicted that AMR will lead to 10 million deaths every year by 2050. However, the conventional diagnostic approaches take 48 to 72 hours to yield results leading to a dangerou [....] » Read More
Title : Prevalence, antifungal susceptibility patterns, and associated factors of Candida species among HIV-positive individuals with oropharyngeal infections attending Mekelle health facilities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Haftay Abraha Tadesse, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic infection encountered among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and is considered an independent predictor of immunodeficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Thoug [....] » Read More
Title : Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms as biomarker of benzimidazole resistance in hookworms among HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in Plateau State, Nigeria
Ajiji Azi, University of Jos, Nigeria
Statement of Problem: Parasite control programs that rely on mass drug administration (MDA) over prolonged periods using the same antihelmintic drugs would exert selection pressure on hookworm populations and favour the development of drug resistance. Benzimidazole resistance in [....] » Read More
Title : Linezolid-induced bicytopenia in a patient with end-stage renal disease: A case report
Shahreen Islam Raisa, The Grand Rehabilitation and Nursing, United States
Aim: Linezolid (LZD) is an oxazolidinone antibiotic with potent activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). While thrombocytopenia is a recognized side effect, concurrent anemia leading to bicytopenia is less frequently documented. The aim of this study i [....] » Read More
Title : Investigating fusion loop modifications as a strategy to limit flavivirus neuroinvasion
Neelesh Sathish, South Windsor High School, United States
Flaviviruses such as Zika and Powassan virus can cause serious neurological disease because they are able to cross protective barriers in the body including the blood brain barrier and the placenta. This allows the virus to infect the brain and developing fetus, leading to condit [....] » Read More
Title : Detection limits of PaRTI-SeqTM in host-depleted blood: A biological perspective using mycobacterium smegmatis
Shivadarshini Ramachandran, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
Bloodstream infections, particularly in sepsis, need fast and accurate pathogen identification. Although culture-based diagnostics remain the gold standard, they are limited by delayed results, contamination risk and low sensitivity in low-biomass or polymicrobial infections. [....] » Read More
Title : Peptide-protein conjugates as vaccine candidates against hookworm infection
Yu Chen Wu, The University of Queensland, Australia
Background: Human hookworm infection, primarily caused by the hematophagous nematode Necator americanus, remains a leading neglected tropical disease (NTD) characterized by chronic iron-deficiency anaemia and malnutrition. While current anthelmintic drug treatments provide tempor [....] » Read More
Title : Camostat-polysaccharide dual-action nasal spray for mucosal barrier-driven prevention of viral infections
Yujeong Na, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Korea, Republic of
Antiviral activity was demonstrated in human nasal epithelial cells and a mouse influenza model. The formulation inhibited viral entry in vitro and suppressed TMPRSS2 expression in vivo, a key factor for viral penetration. Cytotoxicity tests confirmed no toxicity, following ISO 1 [....] » Read More
Title : Rabies surveillance and dog population management: Insights from a survey of roaming dogs in Qatar 2024
Mahmoud Mohamed, Ministry of Municipality, Qatar
In 2024, a total of 1,333 roaming dogs were sampled across Qatar to estimate their population size and test for rabies. Surveyed areas were randomly selected to ensure representation across all municipalities and zones, encompassing 419 of 4,000 total blocks. A portable laborator [....] » Read More
Title : Assessment of normalization factors in SARS-CoV-2 trends at four treatment plants: Basis for a wastewater surveillance in Mexico City
Martha Mercado, UNAM, Mexico
Background: The potential of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) as a surveillance and early warning tool for the COVID-19 outbreak and antimicrobial resistance has been demonstrated in numerous publications. Since WBE is an emerging research area, connecting wastewater data t [....] » Read More
Title : Nuclear tug-of-war: Competitive VDR/RXR–NFAT1 regulation of coronin-1 governs mycobacterial survival
Sayantani Datta, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Coronin-1 (Cor1), also known as p57 or TACO (for Tryptophan Aspartate containing Coat protein), a highly conserved WD-repeat protein enriched in immune cells, orchestrates host–pathogen interactions and immune signalling; yet the molecular circuitry controlling its transcri [....] » Read More
Title : Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor ESAT-6 induces biphasic immunometabolic reprogramming to redirect macrophage polarization
Debayan Das, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Tuberculosis remains one of the world’s deadliest and most persistent infectious diseases, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). Among its key virulence determinants, ESAT-6 (Early Secreted Antigenic Target-6) is a secreted protein widely recognized for its potent im [....] » Read More
Title : Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of parainfluenza virus 5 isolated from diarrheic piglets highlights its zoonotic potential
Yassein M Ibrahim, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Background: Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), is a negative‐sense, non-segmented, single‐stranded RNA virus a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, causes respiratory and neurological infection in several animal species. Whereas information on PIV5 infection in digestive system i [....] » Read More
Title : Counting spores: A case of mixed fungal infection – Candidal ecthyma gangrenosum and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia
Emmanuel Joseph M Mamaril, National Kidney and Transplant Institute, Philippines
Introduction: Invasive fungal infections comprise a group of diseases affecting deep-seated tissues, with the most common etiologic agents being Candida and Aspergillus species. These are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Populations commonly affected are those in imm [....] » Read More
Title : Association of high SOFA score (≥10) with elevated proenkephalin levels in septic critically ill patients: A single-center cohort study from Indonesia
Fauzio Nurul Khaira, Andalas University, Indonesia
Background: Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients worldwide due to dysregulated host responses leading to multiorgan dysfunction. Early identification of patients with severe organ failure is essential to improve prognosis and optimize [....] » Read More
Title : Comparative prognostic performance of lactate–proenkephalin, SOFA–proenkephalin, and triple combination models for early mortality prediction in septic critically ill patients
Rohayat Bilmahdi, University of Indonesia, Indonesia
Background: Early mortality prediction in sepsis remains challenging because of the complex interaction between tissue hypoperfusion, organ dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Conventional prognostic tools such as serum lactate and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SO [....] » Read More
Title : First report of West Nile virus infections in horses in Tunisia from 2018 to 2023
Imen Larbi, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod borne virus, the most widely distributed of the encephalitic Orthoflaviviruses. It can cause severe neurological symptoms in both humans and horses. It poses an emerging threat to both public and animal health. In this study, we retrospective [....] » Read More
Title : The role of the ABO blood group system in Plasmodium falciparum disease severity
Priscilla Suleman Johnstone, Blantyre Malaria Project, Malawi
Introduction: Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in endemic regions, including Malawi. The ABO blood group system has been proposed as a genetic factor influencing disease severity. Evidence suggests that blood group O may confer relative protection against [....] » Read More
Title : Assessing risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Implications for tailored intervention strategies
Chuchu Churko, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe, infectious, life-threatening public health concern in Ethiopia. Since early 2022, the outbreak of VL in the South Omo Zone, particularly among pastoralist communities, has resulted in multiple deaths. Objective: To assess th [....] » Read More
Title : Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella enterica isolated from ruminants and risk for public health in Cameroon, March-August 2023
Nguena Guefack Noumedem Ranyl, National Veterinary Laboratory , Cameroon
Introduction/Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) integrated surveillance approach is helpful to understand the drivers and complexity of AMR at the human-animal-plant and environmental interface, and to guide policy and decision making for better mitigation of the risk on [....] » Read More
Title : Seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B and C viruses among patients at Angré University Hospital Center, Côte d’Ivoire (2024)
Toure Amidou, Angre University Hospital Center, Cote d'Ivoire
Background: Viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) remain major global public health challenges, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Côte d’Ivoire, a high-endemicity area, updating epidemiological data is crucial to guide national response strategies in accordance wit [....] » Read More
Title : A rare case of abdominal actinomycosis and colon cancer
Silviya Stoyanova, Military Medical Academy Sofia, Bulgaria
Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic purulent disease caused by Actinomyces spp, anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. Actinomycosis usually infects patients with a compromised mucosal barrier and in most cases occurs after surgery, trauma, neoplasia, dental procedures, aspiration of sec [....] » Read More