Antimicrobial therapy plays a pivotal role in combating infectious diseases, employing agents that target and eliminate microorganisms. Antibiotics, a subset of antimicrobials, are widely used to treat bacterial infections. They work by inhibiting bacterial growth or destroying the bacteria, offering effective solutions for a range of illnesses. However, overuse and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the emergence of drug-resistant strains, underscoring the need for judicious antibiotic stewardship. Antiviral drugs are designed to combat viral infections by inhibiting viral replication or entry into host cells. Antifungal agents target fungal pathogens, addressing conditions like candidiasis or aspergillosis. The continuous development of new antimicrobial therapies remains essential to stay ahead of evolving resistance patterns, ensuring effective treatment options for infectious diseases.