Every virus is a parasite that cannot exist on its own and is fully dependent on its carrier. The parasite must have its host, and thus is a living cell. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that the following could be the most suitable carriers of the virus: b [....] » Read More
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as ‘kala azar,’ is the most severe form of leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent and transmitted by the Phlebotomous sand flies. The disease is almost always fatal if left untreated. The clinica [....] » Read More
Introduction: Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is diffuse brain dysfunction that occurs secondary to an infection but not directly in the CNS1-2. We present a case of SAE caused by MRSA osteomyelitis and septic shock. Case Summary: 15 year old female who is a volley ba [....] » Read More
Background: Evidence has showed that migration influences human health. China has a high migration rate and a significant number of HIV positive people, but little is known about how these intersect in sexual risk behaviors. Therefore, we aim to explore sexual risk behavior betwe [....] » Read More
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and self-DNA in the form of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released from immune cells (Monocytes, Macrophages, and other immune cells) under a stressed condition, that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors [....] » Read More
INTRODUCTION: Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome ( APLA syndrome ) is an autoimmune disease, with hypercoagulable state leading to dangerous clotting in arteries and veins.Those with APS make abnormal proteins called antiphospholipid autoantibodies in the blood. This causes bloo [....] » Read More
Introduction: Disseminated tuberculosis is a severe form of the disease involving two or more non-contiguous body sites or blood or bone marrow concurrently. Recurrent tuberculosis is occurrence of tuberculosis in a previously treated individual.The diagnosis and management ofte [....] » Read More
BACKGROUND: Laryngeal tuberculosis is rare granulomatous disease of the larynx usually considered to be the result of pulmonary tuberculosis.Involvement of the larynx is seen in <1% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the larynx may be involved without any [....] » Read More
Background Cytokine storm in vitamin D deficient covid-19 is characterized by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, where Vitamin D deficiency increases- the risk of Covid -19 severity. However, the epigenetic contribution of methylation of Vitamin D g [....] » Read More
Abstract: A total of 63 patients were found to be positive for clostridium difficile between October 2020 and October 2021 in Malta. A retrospective approach was taken to analyse the management and outcomes of these patients following diagnosis. Auditing permission was granted [....] » Read More
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) remain some of the commonest causes of nosocomial bacteremia, and as genomic identification become more precise, new infectious organisms are reported as the causative agent of bacteremia. Here we report the first published case of Staphylo [....] » Read More
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer and tuberculosis are frequently confused and misdiagnosed. Lung cancer and tuberculosis share similar clinical presentation and radiological features. Hence, with pathological and microbiological tests, the diagnosis must be verified. Here, presenting a [....] » Read More
Corona virus disease is a severe acute respiratory infection caused by SARS- CoV -2 and has rapidly become a global pandemic. Patients with autoimmune disorders have been more prone to have severe complications after infected with COVID – 19. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimm [....] » Read More
Laryngeal tuberculosis is rare and its diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. Involvement of the larynx is seen in <1% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients usually present with hoarseness of voice or dysphagia and other nonspecific constitutional [....] » Read More
BACKGROUND: Among extra-pulmonary TB, osteoarticular involvement is seen in 10% patients. Commonly TB affects spine and hip joint, it also affects knee joint, foot bones, hand bones and elbow joint, rarely shoulder joint which accounts for 1-2%. Among shoulder joint TB, Isolated [....] » Read More
BACKGROUND: Hodgkins lymphoma is a group of cancers that arises from lymphatic system. Most common presentation is asymptomatic lymphnode enlargement typically in the neck. Pulmonary involvement is not uncommon . In this case report we describe a case of Pulmonary Hod [....] » Read More
The discussion will centre around the classification of lymphomas and in detail regarding the Primary Mediastinal B-cell Lymphoma. Primary large B cell lymphoma of the mediastinum (PMBL) is an aggressive tumor arising in the mediastinum from the thymic (medullary) B cell. It is a [....] » Read More
Tuberculous mastoiditis is a rare form of presentation of tuberculosis. Here we are presenting a case of left ear CSOM with post mastoidectomy status. Biopsy results came as granulomatous lesion with AFB Stain positive. INTRODUCTION: Tuberculous mastoiditis was first describe [....] » Read More
Introduction: Tularemia is an uncommon disease. An average of 173 cases per year were reported in the US for the past 20 years. A low minimal-infective-dose, high rate of dissemination and the possible mortality make tularemia a potential weapon for bioterrorism.This report summa [....] » Read More
Title : Ozone and oxidation therapies a salvation for infection treatment
Robert Rowen, Private Medical Practice, United States
Medicine faces crisis with emerging “super bugs,” lethal viruses (Ebola), and stealth pathogens such as tick-borne infections. Thousands are dying worldwide of once easily treatable diseases. Ozone therapy, extensively studied, may be a valuable adjunctive or stand-al [....] » Read More
Title : A case of UTI flaring into emphysematous pyelonephritis, What went wrong?
Ali Abdulsahib, capital health regional medical center, United States
Emphysematous pyelonephritis/pyelitis: is a rare necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues, that results in the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system, or perinephric tissue. We are presenting 41-year male with past medical history [....] » Read More
Title : A systematic study on blood system of immune mechanism of hand,foot and mouth disease sepsis
Ling liang Yao, Nanhua University, China
Objective: To investigate the compensation rule of blood system induced by immune mechanism in sepsis of hand, foot and mouth disease. Methods: This paper collected between April 2014 to October 2017 EV71 48 cases of children with hand, foot and mouth disease in hospital [....] » Read More
Title : First gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis in the United Arab Emirates, a rare and under-diagnosed fungal Infection
Hamdan AlAwadhi, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
Introduction: Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is an unusual, rare, fungal infection has been rarely reported in medical literature. This fungal infection can affect anywhere from stomach, small intestine, colon, and liver. Cases with gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis [....] » Read More
Title : Antibiotic resistance profiles of diarrheal pathogens among children aged under five years in muhoroni sub-county hospital, Kisumu county-Kenya.
Silas Onyango Awuor, Kisii university, Kenya
Diarrhoea diseases are the second leading cause of death among children under five being worsened by emergence of multi-drug resistant which are major problem. Consent was taken from parents with children showing signs. Stool samples were collected in which isolation and Suscepti [....] » Read More
Title : First detection of WNV RNA presence in field-collected mosquitoes in Cyprus
Chryso Theodorou Pallari, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
West Nile virus (WNV) infections have increased over recent years to the extent that WNV has become one of the most widespread arboviruses in the world, with potential consequences for both human and animal health. While much is known about WNV and the vectors that transmit it fr [....] » Read More
Title : Plasmid profile and beta-lactamase analysis of multidrug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from environmental source in a tertiary care hospital, Nigeria
Uzoewulu Ngozichukwu, Department of Medical Micrbiology and Parasitology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi, Nigeria
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is ubiquitous in human environment and associated in nosocomial infections with increasing antibiotic resistance. Hospital environment contributes to outbreaks, unfortunately the role of environmental reservoirs in pseudomonad infection is ofte [....] » Read More
Title : Genomic characterisation of acinetobacter baumannii associated with neonatal sepsis and stillbirths in a South African population
Mr Bonginkosi Shabangu, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
BACKGROUND The proposed study will characterise the genomes of multi-drug resistant hospital-acquired invasive Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) which overwhelmingly contributes to neonatal deaths, particularly in low-middle income countries (LMICs) where the burden of se [....] » Read More
Title : Clinico-epidemiological presentation of acute encephalitis syndrome in patients visiting a tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Bidhi Dhital, Charak Memorial Hospital, Nepal
Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is defined as acute onset of fever and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures) in a person of any age at any time [....] » Read More
Title : Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as isolated acute liver injury: A case report
Rebecca Yao, Mayo Clinic, United States
The CNS, skin, and adrenal glands. We present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompromised host presenting with isolated acute liver injury. The various manifestations of disseminated histoplasmosis can involve nearly any organ system, including a 59-year-old [....] » Read More
Title : Antibiotic prescription practices among children with influenza or RSV infection
Aneta Nitsch Osuch, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
The important factor in the development of resistance to antibiotics is their overuse, especially for viral respiratory infections. Poland has been for many years a country with a problem of antibiotic overuse on compared to other European countries. The aim of the study was to f [....] » Read More
Title : Epidemiology of laboratory confirmed measles virus cases under the age of less than 5 in Ethiopia, 2017-2021
Esete Assefa Yigezu, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ethiopia
Background Measles is a highly contagious viral infection causing large outbreaks all over the world. Despite the availability of safe and cost effective vaccine, measles remained endemic with persistent periodic outbreaks in the Horn of Africa. The aim of this study is to chara [....] » Read More
Title : Utility of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis from blood samples in Ethiopia
Dawit Gebreegziabiher Hagos, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
Rapid and accurate visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis is needed to initiate prompt treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Here, we evaluated the performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the diagnosis of VL from blood in an endemic area in Et [....] » Read More